In terms of reliability, the ability of a scale to reproduce consistent results over several measurements is called reliability. The process of analysing reliability is called reliability analysis. By determining the association between scores obtained from different administrations of the scale, reliability analysis can be determined by determining the extent of systematic variation within a scale. A scale is reliable if it produces consistent results in a reliability analysis, which is high.

This analysis is a kind of internal consistency reliability method which determines the level of error in the test results due to poor test construction. The process is as follows:-

The highest is the correlation analysis between the two halves, the higher is the internal consistency of the test or survey. There is a limitation to this analysis, depending on how the items are divided, the outcome of this analysis will vary. Using coefficient alpha or Cronbach’s alpha, this limitation can be avoided.

This analysis determines the level of error in the test results due to administration problems. The process is as follows:-

This analysis determines the level of error in the test results due to outside effects. The process is as follows:-

In this method, multiple qualified raters or judges rate each item on a test and then calculate the overall per cent agreement between raters or judges. Here the reliability analysis is determined by the higher percentage of agreement between the judges.

Reliability coefficient R is also used to calculate a standard error of measurement.

It is calculated as:

SEm = s√1-R

where:

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